Timeline
1830 Newspaper Competition
On March 31, the Arkansas Gazette lost its monopoly on printing when the first issue of the Arkansas Advocate appeared. Charles Pierre Bertrand, 21 years of age, began the Advocate four months after completing his indentured apprenticeship with William E. Woodruff and the Gazette. Bertrand, stepson of Dr. Matthew Cunningham, became a spokesman for Robert Crittenden. By the end of the year, Woodruff reported competition from the Advocate had helped to expand the Gazette's subscription list by 20 percent.
Though the Indians had lost their lands in Arkansas Territory, it was not until May 28 that Congress officially adopted an Indian removal policy for those tribes east of the Mississippi River. Congress established the area west of Arkansas as the repository for the Indian nations. Sam Houston, living there among his Cherokee friends, wrote a series of letters to the Gazette complaining of the poor treatment of the Indians.
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